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					Originally Posted by  Robin Craig
					 
				 
				Finally I found the specimens I had my replicas based on. 
 
I have no expertise in this subject, I throw myself to the learned ones here. 
 
What I can say is what I see or dont. 
 
I picked these two up a long time ago, over 20 years ago in the UK and they followed me home, don't ask. 
 
What I am showing you is what I have and not neccesarily military issue rounds more rounds that fit, so that may be the reason that these cartridges are different and lack all the exterior markings of others. 
 
I find it interesting that the distinctive rolling marks in the end of the cardboard are gone in the spent round. 
 
Over to you all for examination and comment 
			
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 "James Pain & Sons of 9, St Mary Axe, London, EC3" Company founded 1850, Firework & ships' signal makers of Mitcham.
1960 - Acquired by Bryant & May.
1964 - amalgamated with Waeco as Pains-Wessex and production moved to Salisbury.
By 1985 was owned by Allegheny International.
1986 Chemring owned them.
Currently owned by Wescom.
So it's a pre-1964 (and probably commercial) signal cartridge, with a rolled crimp like a traditional shotgun cartridge.
I think the cartridge length depends on the number of stars it contains. The standard military sizes were 1-inch and 1.5 inch diameter (and I think are now obsolete, being replaced by 26.5mm). Early cartridges may have been full length brass cases (like early shotgun cartridges), then cardboard with a brass head up to probably the late 1960s and drawn aluminium ones after that. The modern 26.5mm 'Comet' ones seem to be an all-plastic casing.
The Very pistols are illegal to possess in the U.K., being prohibited under section 5 (pistol or short-barreled shotgun) of the Firearms Act.
These days everyone has apparently moved to single-use launchers for distress flares. 
https://talesfromthesupplydepot.blog...y/flare-pistol may be of interest.
Chris.