[David Herbert]

The top photo is certainly post war as the army registration is in the post war numbering system. All the M5s in those photos have the front towing hook intended for positioning guns more easily. This was a properly engineered part of the gun tractor conversion, not a field bodge up. Of course it is possible that something similar could have been done during the war as a field mod but I have never seen it. The rear towing attachment was again specific to these British gun tractor conversions but rarely shows in photos. The removal of most of the fighting compartment roof including the front hatches was, as far as I know, never done on any conversion other than the Post war British Gun Tractors.

The term Kangaroo is correct only for WW2 conversions of Priests and Rams and arguably a few Shermans. This was at a time when there were no dedicated APCs and it had become clear that there was an urgent need for them. The conversions were done as quickly as possible - unbolt turret, gun and ammo stowage, relocate radio to the hull gunner's position on Rams/Shermans, and of course block up the gun aperture on Priests. Despite published statements to the contrary, extra troop seats were not provided as there was no room. Troops normaly stood up but ducked down when being shot at. Flame throwers, ARVs, Gun tractors, etc were all designated as such. Other and later APC conversions were also refered to as such - not as Kangaroos.

Hope this helps.

David