The Eaton 2 Speed diff was a very widely used diff in both military and commercial trucks from the 1930's right up to today. Methods of engaging the diff have ranged from a lever and solid rod, cable, pneumatic and electrical controls. During the war, they were fitted to Chev, Ford and Dodge vehicles in large numbers.
The adapter is a necessary part of the installation. The drive for the speedo cable, and therefore the speedo and odometer comes off the gearbox and is geared to read accurately when the diff is in the "High" ratio. When the "Low" diff ratio is selected, the gearbox drive will still be reading the higher speed for a certain gear/rev range. The adapter is switched with an actuating cable from the lever, and reduces the cable speed by a similar reduction ratio to the diff (which I understand is a reduction of 39%, ie a ratio of 1.39:1)
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