Research regarding Cookers, Portable, No. 2

[Colin Alford]

The problem that emerged with the existing cookers

All of the main types of British Cookers (including No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3) appear to have been satisfactory items from prior to Jul 1939 (the publication date of the above V.A.O.S) until the fall of 1942 when their continued use was upset by the decision to supply M.T. 80 Leaded Petrol.

It was quickly learned that the existing cookers were not suitable for use with leaded petrol and all of them either had to be modified or completely re-designed so that they could function properly.


War Office Letter 57/General/1926/O.S.9. dated 17 Mar 1943

Cookers, Portable and Leaded Petrol

"M.T 80 petrol, which contains lead, is now being adopted as the motor spirit for all purposes and is likely to be in general distribution by the middle of April.* From then onward this leaded petrol will be the only grade readily available.

Cookers, Portable, Nos. 1, 2 and 3 will not function satisfactorily on petrol containing a high tetra-ethyl-lead content unless special cleaning and adjustment take place to remedy the effect of the lead.

The remedy is to prevent the petrol in the cooker burner from exceeding a temperature of 600 degrees F, above which the tetra-ethyl-lead becomes decomposed and is deposited as a solid which rapidly chokes jets, etc...."

[Colin Alford]

Modifications to the Cookers, Portable, No. 2 (Mark 1) Stoves:

There was an immediate necessity to derive and issue a field modification for the existing cookers to minimize the damage while a long term solution could be developed.

Information regarding the modifications can be derived from the following sources:

1.***** Royal Army Ordnance Corps, Report on Research Work and Experiment, Quarter ending 31 Mar 1943
2.***** War Office Letter 57/General/1926/O.S.9. dated 17 Mar 1943
3.***** Army Council Instructions, 24 November 1943; 1725 Equipment - Cookers, Portable, Nos. 2 and 3 - Improved Modification for Burning Leaded Petrol.
4.***** Investigation of Operation of Cookers, Portable, No.III, Mk.II and No. I (Hydra Type).* 14 Aug 44, from Capt, W.M.Campbell M.E.3.(b). to M.E.3 CMHQ

RAOC Quarterly Report:

Item No:* 96
Objective Requirements:* Cookers, Portable, No. 1, 2 and 3: - Stoves
Research and Experimental items in hand and contemplated:* To prevent choking of the burner jets by ingredients of petrol grade M.T. 80
Progress and Position on 31 March 1943: "A simple metal trough to be filled with fire-clay or other "insulator" has been designed, which can be improvised by the user.* This protects the petrol feed pipes from excessive heat and minimizes precipitation of lead."
Link:* http://heritage.canadiana.ca/view/oo...6/1364?r=3&s=1




War Office Letter 57/General/1926/O.S.9. dated 17 Mar 1943; Cookers, Portable and Leaded Petrol
http://heritage.canadiana.ca/view/oo...88/388?r=3&s=2


"....These improvisations must be carried out as soon as leaded fuel is used.* If lead accumulates in the Cookers they will rapidly become unserviceable.* No unit should proceed overseas without making these preparations.* Action should be taken to inform all units by the quickest possible means....New patterns of burner are about to be produced, which will be immune from the effects of leaded fuel, but it is essential that the large number of Cookers in use be protected and kept in service."


Army Council Instructions, 24 November 1943; 1725 Equipment - Cookers, Portable, Nos. 2 and 3 - Improved Modification for Burning Leaded Petrol.
http://heritage.canadiana.ca/view/oo...88/385?r=0&s=1


"An improved modification which enables Cookers, portable, Nos 2 and 3 to burn for much longer periods than previously before it becomes necessary to clear lead and carbon deposits from the burner components has been developed....The instructions in War Office Letter 57/General/1926/O.S.9. dated 17th Mar 1943, concerning Cookers, portable, Nos 2 and 3 are hereby cancelled.

[Colin Alford]

Investigation of Operation of Cookers, Portable, No.III, Mk.II and No. I (Hydra Type).* 14 Aug 44, from Capt, W.M.Campbell M.E.3.(b). to M.E.3 CMHQ

See the full document attached.* It includes a sketch of the modification detailed in Army Council Instructions, 24 November 1943; 1725 Equipment - Cookers, Portable, Nos. 2 and 3 - Improved Modification for Burning Leaded Petrol.

While this report is on the Cookers, Portable No. 3, the burner assemblies on the Nos 2 and 3 are identical aside from the length of the vaporizer tube.

http://heritage.canadiana.ca/view/oo...88/477?r=0&s=2

[Colin Alford]

The timeline from design to mass production on the Cookers, Portable, No. 2 (Mark 2) Stoves:

A reasonably complete timeline can be derived from the following sources:

5.***** Royal Army Ordnance Corps, Quarterly Reports on Research Work and Experiment; and
6.***** Chief Inspectorate of Stores - Didcot, Fortnightly reports showing new patterns, etc., under consideration with progress to date.

RAOC Quarterly Reports:

Item No:* 86
Objective Requirements:* Cookers, Portable, No. 2
Research and Experimental items in hand and contemplated:* Re-design

Progress and Position on 31 Dec 1942: "Modified designs have been produced incorporating a simplified burner & adaptation of the cases to retain the reservoirs in position.* Experiments are partially successful and are being continued."* Link:* http://heritage.canadiana.ca/view/oo...6/1370?r=3&s=1

Progress and Position on 31 March 1943: "...Experimental patterns are on trial and reports are awaited." Link:* http://heritage.canadiana.ca/view/oo...6/1363?r=3&s=1

Progress and Position on 30 June 1943: "Modified designs have been approved and supplies ordered."* Link:* http://heritage.canadiana.ca/view/oo...6/1357?r=3&s=1


Chief Inspectorate of Stores - Didcot:

Item No.: 15 (16 for No. 3 Cooker)
Cat No.:* JA 0275 (JA 6483 for No. 3 Cooker)
Designation:* Cookers, Portable No. 2
Requirement:* To re-design to make suitable for leaded petrol
Progress on 2 Oct 1943:* "No 2. - Production held up for want of certain raw materials."
**************************** "No 3. - Production proceeding. 1000 a week expected after 6 Oct 43"
Link:* http://heritage.canadiana.ca/view/oo...6/1819?r=3&s=1


Progress on 16 Oct 1943:* "No. 2 - Production in hand"* Link:* http://heritage.canadiana.ca/view/oo...6/1817?r=3&s=1


Unfortunately the rate of production for the No. 2 Mark 2 is not stated and I have not found any concrete information regarding a date that the Mark 2s got into the hands of the troops.* The following document does seem to indicate that at least some Mark 2 stoves had been issued by 26 Jan 1944

http://heritage.canadiana.ca/view/oo...88/376?r=0&s=1

[Colin Alford]

A very brief discussion of Australian production:

I have not purposefully pursued any research on Australian production of Cookers, Portable, No. 2.* In my early research I found some references to them but I didn't save any of the discussion or images.* From the limited data I can recall or can access quickly I believe this is a reasonable summary:

It appears that the A. Simpson & Son of Adelaide, Australia produced cookers based very closely on the British design.* These stoves embossed with Simpson on the lid may have been for a military contract.* Later military stoves have D /l\ D embossed in the same location on the lid.

There was an MLU thread (that I saw recently but I currently cannot find the link) which discussed a modified Australian stove. My recollection of the images showed a stove which retained the original case and detachable fuel tank and substituted an "S"- shaped fuel feed pipe with an attached burner.* This burner appeared very similar to the British design for their Mark 2 stoves. This may have been the Australian solution to the lead problem.

A good set of images of an Australian produced stove can be found here:

https://classiccampstoves.com/thread...y-stove.28594/


If any Australians are interested in contributing to the knowledge base it will be much appreciated.

[Colin Alford]

A selection of links regarding British Cookers, Portable, No. 2

Other MLU threads:

http://www.mapleleafup.net/forums/sh...ad.php?t=17891

http://www.mapleleafup.net/forums/sh...ad.php?t=23913

http://www.mapleleafup.net/forums/sh...ad.php?t=19901

http://www.mapleleafup.net/forums/sh...ghlight=cooker


Some images from "Portable Cookers Nos. 1, 2, and 3; Operation and Maintenance; The War Office 1945":

http://hmvf.co.uk/topic/10706-ww2-br...and-equipment/

[Colin Alford]

Canadian Stoves:

As previously stated I was frustrated that I could find no evidence of Canadian produced Cookers, Portable, No. 2 but I have come to believe that the reason I could not find the evidence was because I assumed that the Canadian Cooker would have been based on the British model.* I did not imagine that it would be a substantially different design.

It appears that collectors of Camp Stoves have been aware of these models for some time but the knowledge of them does not seem to be widespread in our Militaria/Military Vehicle community.

Unfortunately I have only been able to find limited evidence online but I believe I have found enough to make a relatively convincing argument to support my claim that the Canadian version of the Cookers, Portable, No. 2 was in fact a Coleman Model 500 Speed Master Stove which was stored inside a cast Aluminum Pot which was based on the British design, and secured by a leather strap which was shorter than the British equivalent.

I will present this evidence in the order that I encountered it:

The first evidence was the April 1943 Stowage Chart for the Ram II tank.* Item number 76 is described as "Cooker Portable No. 2, Pots, Cooking with lid Stove, Strap" but the image only shows the Pot, Cooking with lid and the Strap.* At this point I did not think that Canada might be using something other than the British design stove

The second source of evidence were these 2 images from the Library and Archives of Canada site (copies attached below):

*http://collectionscanada.gc.ca/pam_a...=e010778901-v8

http://collectionscanada.gc.ca/pam_a...=e010778902-v8


I could see that the stove was not a British No 2 but I could not make out exactly what it was.* I still didn't start to think that there might be a "Canadian" stove but that maybe the crew was using a privately purchased stove.